Italian is one of the Romance languages and, more precisely, belongs to the Italo-Romance group. Around 60 million people speak it as their native language, and it is spoken well beyond Italy’s borders. It is also an official language in Switzerland, San Marino and Vatican City, and there are Italian minorities in Istria and Dalmatia. The native population of Corsica speaks an Italian dialect, and Italian is widely understood in Nice and Monaco. In Malta, Italian plays an important role as a language of education and is understood by many people. It also remains in use in parts of Ethiopia, Eritrea and Libya, all former Italian colonies.
Like many other European languages, Italian developed from Vulgar Latin, the everyday spoken form of Latin. All Italian dialects are derived from the language of the Roman Empire. In the 14th century, when there was as yet no unified national language, a different variant of Vulgar Latin was spoken in each of Italy’s regions. Modern Italian gradually developed from the written language of Florence. Florentine was held in high esteem among writers, artists, scholars and intellectuals.
Dialects play an important role in the Italian language. ‘Standard Italian’ is generally associated with Tuscany. The most widespread variety is Neapolitan, which is spoken by more than five million people in and around Naples.
The Italian alphabet has only 21 letters. Most American students learn a foreign language at university, and Italian is one of the most popular choices. As a result of large-scale migration in the late 19th century, Italian is still spoken above all in big American cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago and San Francisco.
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